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Jesus Teaches Mercy Instead of Revenge (Matthew 5:38-42)

You have heard that it was said, ‘An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.’ 39 But I say to you, offer no resistance to one who is evil. When someone strikes you on [your] right cheek, turn the other one to him as well. 40 If anyone wants to go to law with you over your tunic, hand him your cloak as well. 41 Should anyone press you into service for one mile, go with him for two miles. 42 Give to the one who asks of you, and do not turn your back on one who wants to borrow. Jesus continues the Sermon on the Mount by teaching His disciples how to respond when they are wronged. He begins with the familiar words, “ An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth ” (v. 38). This teaching came from the Law of Moses and appears in Exodus 21:24, Leviticus 24:20, and Deuteronomy 19:21. Its purpose was to limit revenge. Punishment was not to grow beyond the injury that had been done. In its original setting, this rule restrained violence and prevented personal revenge from becoming a wider spiral of...

Jesus Has Compassion on the Crowds and Sends the Twelve to the Lost Sheep of Israel (Matthew 9:36—10:8)

At the sight of the crowds, his heart was moved with pity for them because they were troubled and abandoned, like sheep without a shepherd. 37 Then he said to his disciples, “The harvest is abundant but the laborers are few; 38 so ask the master of the harvest to send out laborers for his harvest.” 1 Then he summoned his twelve disciples and gave them authority over unclean spirits to drive them out and to cure every disease and every illness. 2 The names of the twelve apostles are these: first, Simon called Peter, and his brother Andrew; James, the son of Zebedee, and his brother John; 3 Philip and Bartholomew, Thomas and Matthew the tax collector; James, the son of Alphaeus, and Thaddeus; 4 Simon the Cananean, and Judas Iscariot who betrayed him. 5 Jesus sent out these twelve after instructing them thus, “Do not go into pagan territory or enter a Samaritan town. 6 Go rather to the lost sheep of the house of Israel. 7 As you go, make this proclamation: ‘The kingdom of heaven is at han...

Jesus Teaches Fidelity in Marriage and Honesty in Speech (Matthew 5:31-37)

It was also said, ‘Whoever divorces his wife must give her a bill of divorce.’ 32 But I say to you, whoever divorces his wife (unless the marriage is unlawful) causes her to commit adultery, and whoever marries a divorced woman commits adultery. 33 “Again you have heard that it was said to your ancestors, ‘Do not take a false oath, but make good to the Lord all that you vow.’ 34 But I say to you, do not swear at all; not by heaven, for it is God’s throne; 35 nor by the earth, for it is his footstool; nor by Jerusalem, for it is the city of the great King. 36 Do not swear by your head, for you cannot make a single hair white or black. 37 Let your ‘Yes’ mean ‘Yes,’ and your ‘No’ mean ‘No.’ Anything more is from the evil one. Jesus continues the Sermon on the Mount by teaching His disciples that righteousness must reach the whole person. In the verses just before this passage, He taught that adultery begins in the heart when a person looks with lust (vv. 27-30). He now continues that teac...

Jesus Teaches About Purity of Heart and the Seriousness of Sin (Matthew 5:27-30)

You have heard that it was said, ‘You shall not commit adultery.’ 28 But I say to you, everyone who looks at a woman with lust has already committed adultery with her in his heart. 29 If your right eye causes you to sin, tear it out and throw it away. It is better for you to lose one of your members than to have your whole body thrown into Gehenna. 30 And if your right hand causes you to sin, cut it off and throw it away. It is better for you to lose one of your members than to have your whole body go into Gehenna. Jesus continues His Sermon on the Mount by showing the fuller and deeper meaning of God’s commandments. The commandment says, “ You shall not commit adultery ” (v. 27). This commandment comes from the Ten Commandments and protects the covenant of marriage (Ex. 20:14; Deut. 5:18). Adultery is a grave offense because it wounds fidelity, damages relationships, and treats another person in a way contrary to God’s design. Jesus now teaches that the commandment reaches beyond the ...

Jesus Teaches About Anger, Judgment, and Reconciliation (Matthew 5:20-26)

I tell you, unless your righteousness surpasses that of the scribes and Pharisees, you will not enter into the kingdom of heaven. 21 “You have heard that it was said to your ancestors, ‘You shall not kill; and whoever kills will be liable to judgment.’ 22 But I say to you, whoever is angry with his brother will be liable to judgment, and whoever says to his brother, ‘Raqa,’ will be answerable to the Sanhedrin, and whoever says, ‘You fool,’ will be liable to fiery Gehenna. 23 Therefore, if you bring your gift to the altar, and there recall that your brother has anything against you, 24 leave your gift there at the altar, go first and be reconciled with your brother, and then come and offer your gift. 25 Settle with your opponent quickly while on the way to court with him. Otherwise your opponent will hand you over to the judge, and the judge will hand you over to the guard, and you will be thrown into prison. 26 Amen, I say to you, you will not be released until you have paid the last p...

Jesus Fulfills the Law and the Prophets (Matthew 5:17-19)

Do not think that I have come to abolish the law or the prophets. I have come not to abolish but to fulfill. 18 Amen, I say to you, until heaven and earth pass away, not the smallest letter or the smallest part of a letter will pass from the law, until all things have taken place. 19 Therefore, whoever breaks one of the least of these commandments and teaches others to do so will be called least in the kingdom of heaven. But whoever obeys and teaches these commandments will be called greatest in the kingdom of heaven. After calling His disciples to be salt of the earth and light of the world, Jesus now explains His relationship to “ the law or the prophets ” (v. 17). This expression refers to the whole Old Testament, especially God’s covenant instruction given through Moses and the message spoken through the prophets. Jesus says, “ I have come not to abolish but to fulfill ” (v. 17). To fulfill means to bring to completion. Jesus fulfills the Law because He obeys the Father perfectly, ...

Called to Be Salt and Light for the World (Matthew 5:13-16)

You are the salt of the earth. But if salt loses its taste, with what can it be seasoned? It is no longer good for anything but to be thrown out and trampled underfoot. 14 You are the light of the world. A city set on a mountain cannot be hidden. 15 Nor do they light a lamp and then put it under a bushel basket; it is set on a lampstand, where it gives light to all in the house. 16 Just so, your light must shine before others, that they may see your good deeds and glorify your heavenly Father. After teaching the Beatitudes, Jesus speaks directly to His disciples. Those who follow Him are called to live in a way that blesses the world. Their lives are to influence others for good, not by force or display, but by faithful deeds that make God’s goodness visible. Jesus first says, “ You are the salt of the earth ” (v. 13). In the ancient world, salt was useful and valuable. It gave flavor to food and helped preserve it from decay. In the Old Testament, salt was also connected with covenant...

The Blessed Way of Life in the Kingdom of Heaven (Matthew 5:1-12)

When he saw the crowds, he went up the mountain, and after he had sat down, his disciples came to him. 2 He began to teach them, saying: 3 “Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. 4 Blessed are they who mourn, for they will be comforted. 5 Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the land. 6 Blessed are they who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they will be satisfied. 7 Blessed are the merciful, for they will be shown mercy. 8 Blessed are the clean of heart, for they will see God. 9 Blessed are the peacemakers, for they will be called children of God. 10 Blessed are they who are persecuted for the sake of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. 11 Blessed are you when they insult you and persecute you and utter every kind of evil against you [falsely] because of me. 12 Rejoice and be glad, for your reward will be great in heaven. Thus they persecuted the prophets who were before you. Beginning today, the Church turns mainly to Matthew...

Jesus Is the Living Bread That Gives Eternal Life (John 6:51-58)

I am the living bread that came down from heaven; whoever eats this bread will live forever; and the bread that I will give is my flesh for the life of the world.” 52 The Jews quarreled among themselves, saying, “How can this man give us [his] flesh to eat?” 53 Jesus said to them, “Amen, amen, I say to you, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you do not have life within you. 54 Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise him on the last day. 55 For my flesh is true food, and my blood is true drink. 56 Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood remains in me and I in him. 57 Just as the living Father sent me and I have life because of the Father, so also the one who feeds on me will have life because of me. 58 This is the bread that came down from heaven. Unlike your ancestors who ate and still died, whoever eats this bread will live forever.” John 6 is one of the most important chapters in the New Testament for understanding h...

The Widow’s Gift and True Devotion Before God (Mark 12:38-44)

In the course of his teaching he said, “Beware of the scribes, who like to go around in long robes and accept greetings in the marketplaces, 39 seats of honor in synagogues, and places of honor at banquets. 40 They devour the houses of widows and, as a pretext, recite lengthy prayers. They will receive a very severe condemnation.” 41 He sat down opposite the treasury and observed how the crowd put money into the treasury. Many rich people put in large sums. 42 A poor widow also came and put in two small coins worth a few cents. 43 Calling his disciples to himself, he said to them, “Amen, I say to you, this poor widow put in more than all the other contributors to the treasury. 44 For they have all contributed from their surplus wealth, but she, from her poverty, has contributed all she had, her whole livelihood.” While teaching in the temple area, Jesus has answered questions from religious leaders and has shown the people the deeper meaning of God’s law. Now He turns to a serious warn...

The Messiah Is David’s Son and Lord (Mark 12:35-37)

As Jesus was teaching in the temple area he said, “How do the scribes claim that the Messiah is the son of David? 36 David himself, inspired by the holy Spirit, said: ‘The Lord said to my lord, “Sit at my right hand until I place your enemies under your feet.”’ 37 David himself calls him ‘lord’; so how is he his son?” [The] great crowd heard this with delight. After the earlier challenges in the temple, Jesus now takes the initiative. Others had questioned Him about His authority, taxes, the resurrection, and the greatest commandment. Now He asks a question that leads the people deeper into the identity of the Messiah. The scribes, who were teachers and interpreters of the Law, taught that the Messiah would be the son of David (v. 35). God had promised David that his royal line would endure, and that one of his descendants would have a kingdom established by God (2 Sam. 7:12-14). Matthew begins his Gospel by identifying Jesus as “ the son of David, the son of Abraham ” (Mt. 1:1), and P...

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